### Lesson Plan: Prevocational Studies
#### Primary 1 – Understanding Water Contamination & Toilets
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#### Lesson Topic:
- Meaning of Water Contamination
- Ways Water Can Be Contaminated
- Meaning of Toilet
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#### Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. Define water contamination.
2. Identify ways in which water can be contaminated.
3. Understand the importance of toilets.
4. Explain what a toilet is and its function.
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#### Materials Needed:
- Pictures/illustrations showing clean and contaminated water.
- Charts or flashcards illustrating sources of water contamination.
- Images or actual models of toilets.
- Whiteboard and markers.
- Clean water samples and examples of contaminants (like dirt, oil, plastic).
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#### Introduction (10 minutes):
1. **Greeting & Warm-Up:** Welcome the students with a simple song or chant about water and hygiene.
2. **Engage Students:** Show them a picture of clean water and contaminated water. Ask which one they think is safe to drink and why.
3. **Objective Introduction:** Explain what they will learn in today’s lesson.
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#### Direct Instruction (15 minutes):
1. **Meaning of Water Contamination:**
- Define water contamination in simple terms: "When harmful things get into our water and make it dirty and unsafe to use."
- Use a clear water sample and start adding contaminants like dirt and plastic pieces to demonstrate.
2. **Ways Water Can Be Contaminated:**
- Explain different sources:
- Garbage and plastic waste thrown into rivers.
- Oil spills from factories or cars.
- Sewage and dirty water from homes.
- Show pictures or flashcards for each example.
- Discuss how water contamination can make people sick.
3. **Meaning of Toilet:**
- Define a toilet: "A toilet is a place where we go to get rid of our waste."
- Use images or a model to show different types of toilets (traditional pit latrines, flush toilets).
- Explain how toilets help keep our environment clean by safely removing our waste.
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#### Guided Practice (15 minutes):
1. **Group Activity:**
- Divide the students into small groups.
- Provide each group with pictures showing ways water can be contaminated.
- Ask them to sort the pictures into 'Safe for Water' and 'Not Safe for Water' categories.
2. **Class Discussion:**
- Discuss the sorted pictures as a class.
- Highlight correct and incorrect categorizations.
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#### Independent Practice (10 minutes):
- Hand out worksheets with simple drawings of clean and contaminated water, toilets, and various contaminants.
- Ask the students to color or mark the pictures that represent safe water and proper use of toilets.
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#### Closing (10 minutes):
1. **Review Key Points:**
- What is water contamination?
- Ways water can be contaminated.
- What is a toilet and why it is important.
2. **Question and Answer Session:**
- Encourage students to ask questions or share something new they learned.
3. **Wrap-Up Activity:**
- Sing a short song or poem about clean water and proper toilet use.
#### Assessment:
- Observations during group activity.
- Review of worksheets for understanding.
- Participation during class discussion and closing activity.
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#### Homework:
- Draw a picture of a clean river and a dirty river showing sources of contamination.
- Explain the drawing to their family members at home.
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### Notes for Teacher:
- Ensure all students participate.
- Use simple language and gestures to explain.
- Provide positive reinforcement and encouragement.
- Be ready to offer more examples if students seem confused.